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Biomimetic 4d printing9/9/2023 ![]() This, along with an activated floor slab of recycled concrete, allows for year-round comfort with minimum building services. The “Solar Gate” is a big skylight integrated into the wood shell and helps control the inside environment with the help of a biomimetic, energy-autonomous shade system manufactured using 4D printing technology. It is made possible by integrating computational design methodologies, robotic prefabrication, automated building methods, and unique kinds of interaction between humans and machines in timber construction. The unique and environmentally conscious segmented timber shell construction is completely deconstructible and reusable. The FIT Biomimetic Shell decreases the entire life cycle impact of a standard timber building by 50%. The structure of LivMatS combines the various research philosophies of the two Excellence Clusters to produce an architectural synthesis. Simultaneously, the building is a research project involving two Clusters of Excellence, Integrative Computational Design and Construction for Architecture (IntCDC) at the University of Stuttgart and Living, Adaptive, and Energy-autonomous Materials Systems (livMatS) at the University of Freiburg, both of which are investigating an integrative approach to design and construction for sustainable architecture. The expansive space seamlessly blends into the rest of the campus and acts as an architectural incubator for creating creative, cross-disciplinary research ideas. 3D printing is able to produce structures that start to mimick bone but are critically dependent on the data segmentation, particularly averaging imaging data to a resolution that is appropriate for the 3D printer.At the FIT Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, the livMatS Biomimetic Shell is a cutting-edge research structure. Our preliminary work presented here indicates that the workflow of 3D imaging correlated to point mechanical measurements using indentation is suitable to give a 4D dataset that is representative of the native bone tissue. Macroscopic testing of bone samples and 3D printed equivalents showed additional similarities in stress-strain behaviour. Preliminary results indicated similarity between 3D printed structures and native bone tissue. Macroscopic testing on both bone samples and 3D printed samples were carried out using standard compression (Instron, UK). An inkjet 3D printer (Projet 5500X, 3D Systems, USA) was used to print materials with a range of mechanical properties that approach those found in the native bone material. Data was converted to a 4D data set of elastic modulus values in 3D space, segmented and exported to the 3D printer. Correlation between sample x-ray attenuation and corresponding elastic modulus found from indentation was established. A custom build in situ micro indentation setup within the μCT was used to map the mechanical properties of the bone at multiple positions. Samples of bovine compact bone were imaged at high resolution using μCT (Xradia Versa 510, Zeiss, USA). The objective of this study is to apply in situ indentation, correlate to 3D imaging of bone using μCT and finally 3D print mimicked structures. However, accurate representation of whole body parts down to tissue microstructures requires correlative approaches where mechanical properties in 3-dimensional space are known. 3D printing promises considerable advantages over other manufacturing methods in mimicking native tissue, including the ability to produce complex structures. Development of prosthetics capable of replacing body parts lost to trauma, disease or congenital conditions requires the accurate replication of the required body part. Structures in the human musculoskeletal system, such as bone and tendon-bone connective tissue, can be considered as complex composites of hard and soft materials. We demonstrate this correlative approach to reproduce bone structures and highlight a workflow approach of indentation, μCT and 3D printing to potentially mimic any structure found in the musculoskeletal system. Multi-material 3D printing is exploited to realize the collected 4D data set by using materials with a wide range of mechanical properties and printing structures representative of native tissue. ![]() Approaches using in situ indentation of tissue correlated with micro computed tomography (μCT) are used here to provide a 4D data set that is representative of the native tissue at high fidelity. The replication of mechanical properties in 3-dimensional space, so called ‘4D’ techniques, therefore promises next-generation of prosthetics and engineering structures for the musculoskeletal system. ![]() The human musculoskeletal system is a biological composite of hard and soft material phases organized into a complex 3D structure. ![]()
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